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Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and Bering Sea: implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

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Abstract

During expedition 202 aboard the RV Sonne in 2009, 39 seafloor surface sediment sites were sampled over a wide sector of the North Pacific and adjoining Bering Sea. The data served to infer land–ocean linkages of terrigenous sediment supply in terms of major sources and modes of sediment transport within an over-regional context. This is based on an integrated approach dealing with grain-size analysis, bulk mineralogy and clay mineralogy in combination with statistical data evaluation (end-member modelling of grain-size data, fuzzy cluster analysis of mineralogical data). The findings on clay mineralogy served to update those of earlier work extracted from the literature. Today, two processes of terrigenous sediment supply prevail in the study area: far-distance aeolian sediment supply to the pelagic North Pacific, and hemipelagic sediment dispersal from nearby land sources via ocean currents along the continental margins and island arcs. Aeolian particles show the finest grain sizes (clay and fine silt), whereas hemipelagic sediments have high abundances of coarse silt. Exposed sites on seamounts and the continental slope are partly swept by strong currents, leading to residual enrichment of fine sand. Four sediment sources can be distinguished on the basis of distinct index minerals revealed by statistical data analysis: dust plumes from central Asia (quartz, illite), altered materials from the volcanic regions of Kamchatka and the Aleutian Arc (smectite), detritus from the Alaskan Cordillera (chlorite, hornblende), and fluvial detritus from far-eastern Siberia and the Alaska mainland (quartz, feldspar, illite). These findings confirm those of former studies but considerably expand the geographic range of this suite of proxies as far south as 39°N in the open North Pacific. The present integrated methodological approach proved useful in identifying the major modern processes of terrigenous sediment supply to the study region. This aspect deserves attention in the selection of sediment core sites for future palaeoenvironmental reconstructions related to aeolian and glacial dynamics, as well as the recognition of palaeo-ocean circulation patterns in general.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is a contribution to the INOPEX (Innovative North Pacific EXperiment) project funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (German Ministry of Education and Research). Rong Wang (File No. 201206190109) was supported by the China Scholarship Council. M.B. Underwood from the University of Missouri is thanked for offering a part of surface clay mineral results. We thank the scientific and technical staff onboard ship. We are also grateful to Daniel Gorzawski and Dyke Scheidemann from AWI Potsdam for technical assistance. We acknowledge the constructive reviews of David J.W. Piper and Zhi Fei Liu on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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  1. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Rong Wang, Boris K. Biskaborn, Arne Ramisch & Bernhard Diekmann

  2. Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, 14476, Golm, Germany

    Rong Wang

  3. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Jian Ren & Rainer Gersonde

  4. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China

    Yongzhan Zhang

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Wang, R., Biskaborn, B.K., Ramisch, A. et al. Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and Bering Sea: implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Geo-Mar Lett 36, 259–270 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0445-7

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